Man with a Glove by Titian.Īlthough the Church still maintained deep control over the art world, the Renaissance period marked a major turning point in the history of portraiture. Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael. Noteworthy Portrait Artists and Portraits: Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. “Self-Portrait” by Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, Antwerp 1599–1641 London) / via The Metropolitan Museum of Art is licensed under CC0 1.0 Renaissance Portraiture (14th-16th century) As such, many medieval portraits depict religious figures such as Jesus, Mary, saints, and angels. In fact, religious institutions were the primary patrons of art at the time. It is important to note that the Middle Ages was a time when the Church had incredible control and influence over society. Instead of creating portraits as public works and odes to government rulers, artists turned their attention to creating religious portraits. The period following the fall of the Roman Empire, marked by frequent wars and an influx of barbarian cultures into what was left of Western Rome, precipitated a major shift in portrait styles. Charles IV Receiving Fealty by Master Theodoric. Noteworthy Portrait Artists and Portraits: Enthroned Madonna with Child. “Portrait of a Carthusian” by Petrus Christus (Netherlandish, Baarle-Hertog (Baerle-Duc), active by 1444–died 1475/76 Bruges) via The Metropolitan Museum of Art is licensed under CC0 1.0 Medieval & Middle Ages Portraiture (6th-14th century) Sculpture Monumental Marble Bust of a Nobel … As one of the oldest sculptural depictions of humans, the sculpture features a pregnant woman as tribute to the fertility goddesses. A prime example of these ancient portraits is The Venus of Willendorf dating back to 22,000 BC. In addition to being tributes to the gods, ancient portraits would frequently depict the civilization’s deeply held religious and moral values. These ancient portraits would feature the nobility and deities of the time and were often in the form of sculptures carved from marble, stone, or bronze. In the ancient Mediterranean civilizations of Rome, Greece, and Egypt, portrait art primarily existed as commissioned works of public art. Noteworthy Portrait Artists and Portraits: Ancient Cave Paintings. A Brief Chronological History Marble portrait by Roman (first half of the 3rd century A.D.) via The Metropolitan Museum of Art is licensed under CC0 1.0 Ancient Portraiture in Greece, Egypt, and Rome Within these styles exists an infinite array of portrait styles including post-impressionist paintings, abstract portraiture, marble sculpture, and photography. In the case of a self-portrait, the artists may decide to create the work from memory or with the aid of a personal photograph. Traditionally, the individual subject will be in a room with the artist and sit with their face in either a profile, full-face, or three-quarter position. The quintessential portrait is that of the individual or self-portrait. There are a myriad of portrait styles throughout history ranging from the classic portrait to self-portraits and portrait photography. Regardless of the medium, the goal is to capture the likeness, unique charm, and personality of the portrait’s subject. However, throughout history, portraits have been represented through sculpture, painting, photography, and many other creative mediums. When one thinks of a portrait, the classical representation is a painting of an individual, focusing on their face or on the bust upward.
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